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Objective: To study the mechanism of Runfei Ningshen Decoction in the treatment of insomnia caused by corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) by using network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis. Methods: The chemical components and targets of Chinese medicinal materials of Runfei Ningshen Decoction in TCMSP, Batman, and CTD databases were searched. The relevant targets of novel coronavirus pneumonia and insomnia in Disgenet, GeneCards, CTD, and Malacards databases were searched. The component-target-disease network was established by using Cytoscape 3.2.1 software;The protein-protein intereation(PPI) network was constructed in string database. The common targets were enriched by using Cluster Profiler software package in R language software platform. The molecular docking of core targets related to insomnia caused by COVID-19 was carried out by using Discovery Studio 4.0 software. Results: 349 medicinal ingredients in Runfei Ningshen Decoction, 1 904 targets, 1 505 new coronavirus pneumonia-related targets, and 1 337 insomnia-related targets were collected. When the intersection of Venn diagrams were used, 404 common targets were obtained for the 2 diseases. 250 targets were intersected with the 2 diseases, and 33 core targets were screened out by the analysis of the interaction network between targets. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that Runfei Ningshen Decoction mainly acts on AKT1, INS, TP53, IL-6, key targets such as AKT1, INS, TP53, IL-6, JUN, CASP3, TNF, CAT, PTGS2 and CXCL8, which are involved in the important pathway processes such as human cytomegalovirus infection, fluid shear stress, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways in complications of atherosclerosis and diabetes. The results of molecular docking showed that the core target has a high affinity with beta-sitosterol, 1-methoxy phaseolin, 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methylglycyrrhizin, and anhydroicariin. The prescription treatment of insomnia caused by COVID-19 may be through the targets such as PTGS2, AR, PPARG, NOS2, HSP90 AA1 and so on. Conclusion: Runfei Ningshen Decoction can treat insomnia caused by COVID-19 by inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-a.
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Objectives: Fetuin-A, a glycoprotein with several functions, is also a negative acute phase reactant. The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of serum fetuin-A in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, its association with disease severity, and whether it has superiority over C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods: The research comprised 56 individuals with COVID-19(+) and 30 healthy controls. The COVID-19(+) patient population was split into three subgroups: mild, moderate, and severe. All participants' serum concentrations of fetuin- A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using ELISA commercial test kits. In addition, CRP and other biochemical values from biochemistry laboratory data were gathered, and the CRP/fetuin-A ratio was calculated. Results: The fetuin-A concentration of the COVID-19(+) patient group was shown to be statistically lower than that of the healthy control group. TNF-a and IL-6 levels were found to be significantly different in both groups. While fetuin-A had a higher area under the curve (AUC) value than CRP (0.875 and 0.800, respectively), CRP/fetuin-A had the strongest AUC (0.933). Conclusion: Low serum fetuin-A concentrations in COVID-19 patients suggest that fetuin-A is a negative acute phase reactant for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Furthermore, fetuin-A alone and CRP/fetuin-A value are both contenders for being more remarkable markers than CRP.
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COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an inflammatory condition involving mainly lungs, vascular endothelium, liver, heart, and brain with significant disturbances in the innate and adaptive immune responses. SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells by binding to ACE2 receptor that is present in many tissues. Despite the availability of effective vaccine(s) against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants current pandemic continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality The emergence of several mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2 is a major concern especially about the efficacy of current vaccines against these variants and other variants that are likely to emerge in the future. In this context, the observation that essential fatty acids (EFAs) such as linoleic acid (LA) and their metabolites can inactivate SARS-CoV-2, regulate inflammatory events and immune responses, and suppress inappropriate excess production of proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and bradykinin and thus, restore homeostasis is noteworthy. Of all the EFAs, LA and arachidonic acid (AA) are the most effective to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and other similar viruses and prevent unwarranted inflammation, enhance wound healing by augmenting the production of anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids and cytokines. Since an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine(s) and other molecules involved in inflammation and wound healing have a significant role in other serious diseases such as sepsis, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), ischemia-reperfusion injury and severe pneumonia(s), it remains to be seen whether administration of LA and AA and other fatty acids can prevent and suppress these life-threatening diseases in addition to COVID-19.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the polarization of peripheral blood macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocyte (PBMC) thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nuc1eotide-binding oligo-merization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) mRNA changes in patients with hepatitis B virus acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV- ACLF). Methods 57 patients with HBV-ACLF and 43 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled in our hospital between June 2019 and June 2020, and the percentages of peripheral blood M1 and M2 macrophages were detected by flow cytometry. The PBMC TXNIP, NLRP3 and cysteine protease-l (caspase- 1) mRNA were assayed by real-time fluorescence quantification RT-PCR. Serum interleukin-6 (1L) -6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were detected by ELISA. Results: The percentage of M1 macrophages and M1/M2 cell ratio in patients with HBV-ACLF were (3.5..0.4) % and (1.2..0.2), significantly higher than [(2.1..0.2) % and (0.6..0.1), P < 0.05], while the percentage of M2 macrophages was (2.5..0.3) %, significantly lower than [(4.1..0.4) %, P < 0.05] in patients with CHB;serum IL-6 and TNF-a in patients with HBV- ACLF were (37.9..4.2) ng/L and (2.3..0.2) pg/mL, significantly higher than [(28.8..3.6) ng/L and (1.2..0.1) pg/mL, respectivley, P < 0.05], while serum IL-10 level was (1.410.2) pg/mL, significantly lower than [(2.9..0.3) pg/mL, P < 0.05] in patients with CHB;the PBMCs NLRP3, TXNIP and caspase-1 mRNA in patients with HBV-ACLF were (0.5..0.1), (0.7..0.1) and (1.2..0.1), all significantly lower than [(08..02), (1.0..01) and (1.6..0.2), respectively, P< 0.05] in patients with CHB;the percentage of PBMC M1 macrophages in 15 dead patients was (4.1..0.4) %, significantly higher than [(3.3..0.3) %, P < 0.05], while the percentage of M2 macrophages, PBMCS NLRP3 and TXNIP mRNA were (1.9..0.2) %, (0.2..0.1) and (0.4..0.1), significantly lower than [(2.7..0.3) %, (0.6..0.1) and (0.8..0.1), respectively, 3P < 0.05] in 42 survivals. Conclusion The peripheral blood macrophages are polarized in the pro-inflammatory direction and the down-regulation of TXNIP and NLRP3 mRNA might be related to immunosuppression in patients With HBV-ACLF.
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The exceptional conditions sweeping the world due to the Corona virus epidemic have prompted researchers to race to study each of the symptoms, phenomena and relevant clinical biochemical parameters to provide science and scientists with valuable information to achieve victory over the virus. The aim of this investigation is to study the early inflammatory features caused by the immune system before a cell storm occurs in Iraqi Corona patients. The investigation was conducted at Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from January 2021 until the end of March 2021. Our team obtained five milliliters of venous blood from 50 participants newly diagnosed with the Coronavirus (24 males and 26 females). Their ages ranged between (25-55) years compared to 38 individuals (18 males and 20 females). Corona virus patients had statistically significant higher (P<0.01) with Low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C), urea, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and (P<0.001) with D-dimer when they were compared with control group. There was a significant increase in the value of Interleukin-6(IL-6) in people infected with the virus compared to the reviewers whose swab results showed that they were not infected with the virus. For both interferon-? (IFN) and Tumor necrosis factor -a (TNF- a), the data showed a significant decrease in morale of reviewers diagnosed with acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) against their non-infected peers. These data indicate that early intervention for IFN antiviral infection could be fundamental in inhibiting fibrosis to improve functional recovery. Any source of cytokine control, such as interferon-? and Tumor necrosis factor -a combined with combination therapies for clinical treatment, will be important in the future for COVID-19 infection.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interferon-? (IFN-?), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2 R) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS: From Mar 2016 to Mar 2019, the acute stage of COPD patients complicated with active stage of PTB who were treated in the department of respiratory and critical care medicine of the People's Hospital of Liangping District, Chongqing were assigned as the group, the acute stage of COPD patients complicated with recovery stage of PTB were assigned as the group B, the stable stage of COPD patients complicated with active stage of PTB were assigned as the group C, and the stable stage of COPD patients complicated with recovery stage of PTB were assigned as the group D. 25 patients with simple stable stage of COPD, 25 patients with simple recovery stage of PTB, 25 patients with simple acute stage of COPD, 25 patients with simple active stage of PTB and 25 people who received physical examination were chosen as the control group. The serum TNF-a, IFN-?, sIL-2 R and CRP were observed and compared among the groups, and the data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The levels of TNF-a, IFN-?, sIL-2 R and CRP of the case groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum TNF-a, IFN-?, sIL-2 R and CRP of the simple stable stage of COPD group, the simple acute stage of COPD group, the simple recovery stage of PTB group, the simple active stage of PTB group, the group D, the group B, the group C and the group A were elevated successively (P < 0.05). The levels of serum TNF-a, IFN-?, sIL-2 R and CRP of the patients with improved illness condition were reduced after treatment. The AUCs of the TNF-a, IFN-?, sIL-2 R and CRP were respectively 0.706, 0.718, 0.768 and 0.807 in prediction of deterioration of disease. CONCLUSION: The PTB patients complicated with COPD show abnormal expression of serum TNF-a, IFN-?, sIL-2 R and CRP. The TNF-a, IFN-?, sIL-2 R and CRP are associated with the severity of disease and have high value in prediction of the deterioration of disease.
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Objectives: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens and changes in inflammatory factors in patients with sepsis in the Xinjiang area and to analyze factors influencing the prognosis for patients with sepsis.
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Objectives: To investigate pathogenic bacteria, their drug resistance, and changes in levels of cytokines in patients with a puerperal infection after a Cesarean section.
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To determine the clinical value of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) in treatment of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). According to the random-number method, 104 NCP patients were divided equally into control group and observation group in our hospital. In the control group, patients were treated according to the Pneumonia diagnosis and treatment scheme for new coronavirus infection (trial version 5). In the observation group, patients were administered DG enteric capsules (150 mg, t.d.s.). All patients were treated continuously for 2 weeks. The clinical effects in both groups were observed. Levels of inflammation indicators [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) -4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -a] and immune-function indicators [cluster of differentiation (CD)3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+] were compared between the two groups. Adverse reactions were documented. The prevalence of cure [19.23% (10/52) vs. 7.69% (4/ 52)], significant efficacy [28.85% (15/52) vs. 17.31% (9/52)] and total efficacy [61.54% (32/52) vs. 40.38% (20/52)] of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05 for all). After treatment, the serum levels of CRP [(1.90 +or- 085) vs. (3.26 +or- 1.63) mg/L], IL-4 [(21.35 +or- 8.90) vs. (26.24 +or- 9.16) pg/mL], and TNF-a [(4.85 +or- 2.15) vs. (7.97 +or- 3.36) pg/mL] of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05 for all). The levels of CD3+ [(6630 +or- 8.83)% vs. (54.19 +or- 7.79)%], CD4+ [(39.42 +or- 4.72)% vs, (33.18 +or- 4.10)%], CD8+ [(28.14 +or- 4.22)% vs. (23.39 +or- 3.88)%], and CD4+/CD8+ [(1.62+or- 043) vs. (1.21 +or- 0.29)] of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05 for all). The prevalence of adverse reactions [15.38% (8/52) vs. 28.85% (15/52)] of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). DG has a significant clinical effect and a good safety profile for NCP treatment.
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Objective: To investigate the possible mechanism of Platycodonis Radix-Licorice drug pair in the intervention of COVID-19 by using network pharmacology and molecular docking technique. Methods The database TCMSP was retrieved for the chemical constituents and targets of Platycodonis Radix-Licorice drug pair. Coronavirus disease targets were screened by the Gene Cards, OMIM,TTD, PharmGkb and DrugBank database. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the drug-component-target network. The PPI(protein-protein interaction) network was obtained by drug-disease intersection targets, and the core genes were found through CytoNCA plug-in. Meanwhile, GO(gene ontology) analysis and KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analysis were performed by using Bioconductor database to predict the mechanism. AutoDock Tools 1.5.6 software was used to simulate the molecular docking of the main active ingredients with the novel coronavirus key binding site protein [SARS-CoV-2 main protease(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 main protease, Mpro) and ACE2(angiotensin converting enzyme 2)]. Results A total of 7 active ingredients of Platycodonis Radix,92 active ingredients of Licorice,2766 drug targets, and 674 disease targets were obtained, and 67 drug-disease common targets were excavated. The key targets involved RELA,STAT1,MAPK3,TP53,MAPK1,MAPK8,STAT3,MAPK14,IL1 B and TNF by the database STRING and CytoNCA plug-in.Go enrichment analysis showed that the main functions of Platycodonis Radix-Licorice drug pair on the intervention of COVID-19 were antioxidant reaction, cell respond to chemical stress, regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways, reaction to lipopolysaccharides and reaction to bacteria-derived molecules, etc.. KEGG pathways involved Coronavirus disease-COVID-19 pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and so on, were mainly associated with immune response, inflammation-related pathways, inhibition of viral infection, and other inhibition of cancer. The molecular docking results showed that glepidotin A,quercetin, licochalcone a and luteolin had good binding ability with Mpro and ACE2. Conclusion Platycodonis Radix-Licorice drug pair act on SARS-CoV-2 through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple channel combination. And the main active ingredients have a fine binding ability with Mpro and ACE2. The method can provide theoretical support for the possibility of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) against COVID-19.
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Objective: To explore the network regulation mechanism of Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid(HXZQ) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).
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Objective: To explore the active components and potential mechanism of Fangfeng Tongsheng Pills by using network pharmacology and molecular docking in the treatment of coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19). Methods The main chemical constituents and action targets of various medicines in Fangfeng Tongsheng Pills were collected via traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and online analysis platform(TCMSP). The related targets of COVID-19 were collected by using GeneCards database, and the repeating parts with Fangfeng Tongsheng Pills were taken as the research targets. Cytoscape software was used to create a drug-target-disease network. The common target was imported into STRING database, and the protein-protein interaction network diagram was constructed by Cytoscape software. The GO(gene ontology) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed by DAVID to predict their mechanism. The core components of Fangfeng Tongsheng Pills were docked with the therapeutic target of COVID-19 by AutoDock software. Results A total of 224 active compounds and 696 active targets were screened from Fangfeng Tongsheng Pills, including 79 targets coincided with COVID-19, and 10 active compounds, i.e. quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol,beta-sitosterol, naringenin, etc., 23 effective targets, i.e. PTGS2, PTGS1, NOS2, F10, DPP4, etc. A total of 65 GO function enrichment analysis results and 101 KEGG pathway enrichment results were obtained, including inflammatory response, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling pathway, hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathway, vascular endothelial growth factors(VEGF) signaling pathway, toll-like receptors(TLRs) signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway. Conclusion The active components in Fangfeng Tongsheng Pills, such as beta-sitosterol, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and naringenin, can combine with SARS-Co V2-3CL hydrolase and ACE2, act on the key target [TNF, Caspase-3, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK1), interleukin-6(IL-6), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PGTS2)] of TNF, HIF-1, VEGF, MAPK and toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and play the roles of anti-inflammation, immune regulation, anti-hypoxic stress and anti-virus infection, thus play a role in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Background & Aims: Beginning in 2020, a deadly disease called COVID-19 spread throughout the world, plunging all countries into a viral infection. Viral infections are naturally associated with upper respiratory tract infections, which are commonly reported with fever, headache, and cough. COVID-19 virus can infect a person's respiratory system and lungs, eventually leading to death. The virus can first activate and infect macrophages. Macrophages then transfer COVID 19 to T cells and make them weak. In addition, by weakening T cells, T cell subsets are activated to increase cytokines to enhance the immune response. T cells, CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells play an important antiviral role in the body. It is noteworthy that CD4 + T cells in the body produce T cell-dependent (B) cells to increase virus-specific antibodies. On the other hand, CD8 + T cells are a toxic cell and can kill virus-infected cells. Most published studies have focused on the effect of aerobic exercise on immune system function. Recent studies have shown that tai chi and yoga exercises can also be beneficial for immune system function. Exercise has long been known as an important modulator of inflammatory processes. Exercise can apparently have both tonic and suppressive effects on the immune system. The effect of exercise on innate and acquired safety parameters depends on the intensity, load and duration of exercise. As the severity increases, immune function and ultimately the risk of infection increase. These risks depend on immune system regulators (genetics, nutritional status, psychological stress, circadian rhythms), environmental stressors (extreme temperatures, airway irritants) that increase inflammation. In response to exercise, immune cells grow, proliferate, and produce molecules such as cytokines and cytotoxic granules. Prolonged exercise, at least in healthy individuals, appears to reduce basal inflammatory status by reducing the circulation of inflammatory cytokines. Regular periods of short-term training (i.e., up to 45 minutes) with moderate intensity boost the immune system (increase T cells) while frequent periods of long-term high-intensity training (> 2 hours) can suppress the immune system. Acute exercise, even in healthy individuals, leads to a strong inflammatory response that is mediated by leukocyte mobilization (even for short periods of 6 minutes) and increases potent inflammatory mediators such as TNF-a, IL-1. The effect of increasing aerobic capacity on improving lung function and preventing lung injury can be summarized in four mechanisms. The first mechanism of aerobic exercise can prevent the suppression of the immune system by affecting the immune system and increase anti-inflammatory factors. The second mechanism contains the role of aerobic capacity in restoring the elasticity of lung tissue to normal and increasing the strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles, which helps increase ventilation, and reduce lung damage. The third mechanism includes the role of aerobic capacity as an antioxidant to limit the production of free radicals and oxidative damage. The fourth mechanism involves the role of aerobic capacity in reducing cough and clearing the airways by improving pulmonary safety and autonomic modulation.
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To analyze the possible mechanism of the intervention of absorbed components of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule on COVID-19 from the perspective of cytokine storm based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Through literature mining, the components of Lianhua Qingwen capsules into blood were determined, and the related action targets of the components were searched by TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. The related targets of COVID-19 and cytokine storm were screened by GeneCards, OMIM and Drugbank databases. The protein interaction PPI network was constructed through String database. DAVID database was used for GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to build the network diagram. Molecular docking was performed by AutoDock software.In addition, multiple organ tissue injury, immune injury and SARS related targets were retrieved and intersected with cytokine storm.A total of 17 absorbed components of Lianhua Qingwen Capsules were collected, 237 corresponding targets and 47 targets intersected with diseases obtained, and 22 core targets screened out.GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis presented 174 entries and 83 entries respectively (P < 0.01). The molecular docking results showed that the compounds of Emodin, Formononetin, Rutin, Gallic acid, Liquiritigenin had good binding ability with the core target of AKT1, IL-6, TP53, JUN, TNF. The proportion of intersecting target of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and multiple organ tissue injury and immune injury was 1.6%-2.0%, and the proportion of intersecting target and SARS was 4.3%. Absorbed components of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule could effectively prevent and treat COVID-19 by intervening cytokine storm through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic action, and its mechanism may be related to antigen-scavenging, immune-regulating and tissue and organ protection.
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of recombinant porcine Lactobacillus reuteri secreting bovine lactoferrin peptide (LFCA) on growth performance of newborn piglets and the protective effect on porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)infection which caused piglet diarrhea. Experiment 1:thirty-six one-day-old newborn piglets with an average body weight of about 1.5 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21 group, pPG/LR-CO21 group and control group, each group with 12 piglets. Piglets in each group were orally administered recombinant porcine Lactobacillus reuteri expressing LFCA pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21, containing empty vector plasmid PPG/LR-CO21 and equal volume phosphate buffer (PBS);oral administration continued for 3 days, and the observation time after oral administration was 14 d. During the period, piglets were fed freely, and the changes of body weight and diarrhea were recorded. Experiment 2:thirty one-day-old newborn piglets with an average body weight of about 1.5 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups and given TGEV with a half tissue culture infection dose (TCID50) of 10-7.50/mL by oral administration of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mL, respectively. The observation period of 7 d was set to analyze the conditions of half lethal dose. Experiment 3:another thirty-two newborn piglets with an average body weight of about 1.5 kg were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into 4 groups, with 8 piglets in each group. The groups were pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21 group, pPG/LR-CO21 group, control group and TGEV infect group. There were 8 replicates in each group and 1 piglet in each replicate. Each head of the experimental group was orally fed ppG-LFCA/LR-CO21, pPG/LR-CO21 and equal volume of PBS at a dose of 2..1010 CFU per day for 1 consecutive week. At 8 days of age, TGEV was infected by oral administration at half lethal dose, and samples were collected after 7 days of infection. The weight change and diarrhea of each group of piglets were recorded;hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect the length of intestinal villi and the depth of crypts;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine total serum total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibody contents. RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA relative expression levels of Claudin-1, Occludin, tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1), inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interferon-P (IFN-P), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The flora structure of the contents of the piglet's cecum was analyzed. After oral recombinant porcine Lactobacillusreuteri, compared with the control group, the average daily gain of newborn piglets in the pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21 group was significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the diarrhea rate was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with TGEV infection group, the average daily gain of piglets in pPG-LFCA/LR-CO21 group was increased and diarrhea rate was decreased, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). Villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in jejunum and ileum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The contents of total IgG and intestinal mucosal total sIgA antibody in serum of piglets were significantly increased (P < 0.05);the mRNA relative expression levels of tight junction protein-related genes Claudin-1, Occludin and ZO-1 in intestinal mucosal tissue were extremely significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the serum TNF-a content was extremely significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Serum IFN-P, IL-6, IL-8 and TLR2 contents were significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the survival rate of piglets was improved. The analysis of the bacterial diversity in the contents of the piglets' cecum showed that the proportion of normal intestinal flora of piglets decreased after TGEV infection. Compared with the TGEV infect group, the proportion of pathogenic bacteria Bacteroides in piglet's intestinal flora decreased by o
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Objective: Deficiencies in immune-regulatory mechanisms such as immune activation and T-regulatory cells are classically referred to as cytokine storms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) act as living anti-inflammatory cells that can rebalance cytokine/immune responses to restore balance in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome by reducing the activation of T and B cells, and dendritic and natural killer cells. The aim of this study is to provide immune modulation with stem cell transplantation by reducing the damage caused and COVID-19 infection to tissues and organs. Material and Methods: In this prospective randomized single-center clinical trial, patients were divided into 3 groups: intubated without comorbidity (n = 7);intubated with comorbidity (n = 7);not intubated (n = 7). Dosage of MSCs transplantation for each group was 1 million cell/kg intravenous at days 0, 2, and 4. age, gender, APACHE II scores, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte values, and cluster of difference 4 (CD4), CD8, interleukin 2 (IL-2), and IL-6 levels, morbidities, number of days in intensive care unit, mortality were recorded. Clinical results, changes in inflammatory and immune function levels, and side effects were evaluated. Each patient's improvement in oxygenation and symptoms were recorded in the days after MSC transplantation. After treatment, lymphocyte, CRP, tumor necrosis factor-a level, and IL-6 levels were recorded.
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Objective: To screen potential active ingredients of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule(SJC)for novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19).
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Objective: To analyze the mechanism of Huoxiang Zhengqi Recipe in treating novel coronavirus pneumonia in pregnancy by using network pharmacology and explore the relationship between its multiple components, targets and pathways.
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Objective: To explore the mechanism of Hanshi Zufei Formula (HSZFF) treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the data mining analysis of network pharmacology and the molecular docking.
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Objective: To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Xuanbai Qingfei Jiedu Decoction in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on account of network pharmacology.